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Jharkhand is a state in eastern India carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Odisha to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of 79,710 km2 (30,778 sq mi). The city of Ranchi is its capital while the industrial city of Jamshedpur is the most populous city of the state.
After long years struggle movement the state of Jharkhand came into existence as the 28th state of India. Jharkhand became a functioning reality on 15th November 2000. The founder of Jharkhand state Bihar reformation bill was passed by the lok sabha on 2nd August, 2000 and by the Rajya sabha on 11th August, 2000 came into enforcement and became on act with the approval of the President on 28th August, 2000.
The new state of Jharkhand was formed on 15th November, 2000 and was earlier a part of Bihar. However, according to some historians there was already a distinct geo-political, cultural entity called Jharkhand even before the period of Magadha Empire. According to legend, Raja Jai Singh Deo of Orissa had declared himself as the ruler of Jharkhand in the 13th century. The local tribal heads had developed into barbaric dictators who could govern the province neither fairly nor justly. Consequently, the people of this state approached the more powerful rulers of Jharkhand's neighbouring states who were perceived to have a more fair and just governance.
Karma: The festival of Karma, also known to be a religious festival, calls for huge celebration among the tribals of Jharkhand. Sarhul: This is the main festival of the tribal population of Jharkhand. The verbal meaning of Sarhul is worship of the Sal tree. Basant Panchami: Another well known festivals of Jharkhand is the Basant Panchami. This festival is celebrated in Jharkhand with as much pomp and fervor as that of the whole country.
Jharkhand culture is rich and diverse and as a result unique in its very own way. Jharkhand culture treats guests as God and serves them and takes care of them as if they are a part and parcel of the family itself. Archaeologists have unearthed pre-Harappa pottery, pre-historic cave paintings and rock-art from various parts of Jharkhand. That hint at ancient, cultured civilizations inhabiting these parts.
